View source for Help:Keyboard-shortcats

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The [[MediaWiki]] software contains many [[keyboard shortcut]]s. You can use them to access certain features of Wikipedia more quickly.

== Using access keys ==
An Access Key allows a computer user to immediately jump to a specific part of a web page via the keyboard.  In Wikipedia, Access Keys allow you to do a lot more - protect a page, show page history, save your changes, show preview text, and so on.  See the next section for the full list.

Most web browsers require holding down one or two "modifier" keys to use an access key.  Different web browsers invoke access keys in different ways.  Please use the list below to determine the appropriate key combination for your browser and system:

{| class="wikitable" style="line-height: 2.4;"
! scope="col" | Browser
! scope="col" | Operating system
! scope="col" | Instructions
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Google Chrome]]<br>[[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] 15+
| Windows<hr>Chrome OS
| hold {{keypress|Alt}} or {{keypress|Alt}}+{{keypress|Shift}} or {{keypress|Alt}}+{{keypress|control}}+{{keypress|Shift}},{{refn|For some keys (e.g. {{keypress|r}}), both {{keypress|Alt}} and {{keypress|Alt}}+{{keypress|Shift}} work; For other keys (e.g. {{keypress|f}}), only {{keypress|Alt}}+{{keypress|Shift}} works; For other keys (e.g. {{keypress|.}}), only {{keypress|Alt}} works.}} press access key
|-
| Linux
| hold {{keypress|Alt}}+{{keypress|Shift}}, press access key
|-
| macOS
| hold {{keypress|control}}+{{keypress|option}}, press access key
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Firefox]]
| Windows, Linux
| hold {{keypress|Alt}}+{{keypress|Shift}}, press access key
|-
| macOS
| hold {{keypress|control}}+{{keypress|option}}, press access key
|-
| [[Internet Explorer]]<br>[[Microsoft Edge|Edge]]
| Windows
| hold {{keypress|Alt}}, press access key (in some versions you may then need to press {{keypress|Enter}})
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]]
| macOS
| hold {{keypress|control}}+{{keypress|option}}, press access key
|-
| Windows
| hold {{keypress|Alt}}, press access key
|-
| Opera –12
| All
| press and release {{keypress|Shift}}+{{keypress|Esc}}, then press access key
|}

{{collapse|
* [[Mozilla Firefox]] 1.5 on [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]: hold {{keypress|Alt}}, press access key
* [[Mozilla Firefox]] before version 14 on [[Mac OS X]]: hold {{keypress|control}}, press access key
* [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] 3 or earlier on [[Mac OS X]]: hold {{keypress|control}}, press access key
* [[Camino (browser)|Camino]] ([[Mac OS X]]): hold {{keypress|control}}, press access key
|title = Older browsers
|bg = #f2f2f2
}}

=== List of access keys ===
{{col-begin|width=auto}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
|+ Site navigation
! scope="row" style="width: 2em;" | f
| Move cursor to search box
|-
! scope="row" | q
| [[Special:SpecialPages|Special pages]]
|-
! scope="row" | r
| [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent changes]]
|-
! scope="row" | u
| [[Special:Upload|Upload file]]
|-
! scope="row" | x
| [[Special:Random|Random article]]
|-
! scope="row" | z
| [[Main Page]]
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
|+ Personal tools
! scope="row" style="width: 2em;" | .
| [[Special:MyPage|My user page]]
|-
! scope="row" | l
| [[Special:Watchlist|My watchlist]]
|-
! scope="row" | n
| [[Special:MyTalk|My talk]]
|-
! scope="row" | y
| [[Special:MyContributions|My contributions]]
|}
{{col-break|gap=2em}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
|+ Current page tools
! scope="row" style="width: 2em;" | e
| Edit this page / view source
|-
! scope="row" | v
| Edit with [[w:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] (if [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|available]])
|-
! scope="row" | g
| Open associated [[wikidata:|Wikidata]] item
|-
! scope="row" | h
| View history
|-
! scope="row" | j
| What links here
|-
! scope="row" | k
| Related changes
|-
! scope="row" | m
| Move page
|-
! scope="row" | p
| Printable version
|-
! scope="row" | w
| Watch / unwatch page
|-
! scope="row" | t
| Switch to talk page
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
|+ Talk pages
! scope="row" style="width: 2em;" | +
| Start a new discussion
|-
! scope="row" | c
| Switch to content page
|}
{{col-break|gap=2em}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
|+ Editing page
! scope="row" style="width: 2em;" | ,
| Move cursor to edit box
|-
! scope="row" | b
| Move cursor to edit summary
|-
! scope="row" | i
| Toggle minor edit
|-
! scope="row" | p
| Show preview
|-
! scope="row" | v
| Show changes
|-
! scope="row" | s
| Save page
|-
! scope="row" | w
| Toggle “Watch this page”
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
|+ Admin only
! scope="row" style="width: 2em;" | d
| Delete / undelete current page
|-
! scope="row" | =
| Protect / unprotect current page
|}

{{col-end}}

== Display access keys ==
By modifying [[Special:Mypage/common.css|your user CSS file]], access key shortcuts can be displayed before internal links on any Wikipedia page.

[[File:Access_keys_shortcut_display_with_box.png|thumb|right|900px|Adding this code displays the access keys with boxes around them on every Wikipedia page, as displayed in the picture. The skin used is Vector, but this will work for any skin.]]

<syntaxhighlight lang="css">
a[accesskey]:before {
    content: " " attr(accesskey) " ";
    text-transform: uppercase;
    white-space: pre;
    border: thin solid;
    font-family: sans-serif;
    text-decoration: underline overline;
    margin-right: 0.5ex;
}
</syntaxhighlight>

[[File:Access_keys_shortcut_display_with_no_box.png|thumb|right|900px|Similarly, this is identical to the above except the boxes around the access keys are removed.]]
<syntaxhighlight lang="css">a[accesskey]:before {
    content: " " attr(accesskey) " ";
    text-transform: uppercase;
    white-space: pre;
    font-family: sans-serif;
    margin-right: 0.5ex;
}
</syntaxhighlight>

'''This does not work in [[Internet Explorer]] versions lower than 8.0, since they don't support the CSS selector.'''

== Accessibility of access keys ==
{{Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu|impaired}}
Keyboard shortcuts, in the way they are implemented on Wikipedia, are useful for some users with disabilities and do not require JavaScript to work. At the same time, they are bothersome for some screen reader users because it interferes with the shortcuts of their screen reader. The best solution would be to have customizable keyboard shortcuts.

The accessibility of keyboard shortcuts (access keys) is a complicated matter. This feature, in its current implementation, was temporarily abandoned in [[WCAG]] 2.0, notably because it conflicts with the shortcuts of assistive technologies. Usage of access keys is currently discouraged in the online contents and applications. 

But presence of access keys is also an [[Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines]] (ATAG) requirement—the ATAG approach is particularly relevant in Wikipedia's case—where this matter is looked into thoroughly. In particular, ATAG requires the possibility to customize shortcuts. This should be requested in [[bugzilla:477]].

Currently, their presence in Wikipedia's interface can be problematic for some users and can be useful for others. But more importantly, it misleads developers into thinking that the interface is keyboard accessible. Requirements that need to be fulfilled for a website to be keyboard accessible are not related to keyboard shortcuts ([http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/NOTE-WCAG20-TECHS-20081211/G90 G90], [http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG-TECHS/F42.html F42], [http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG-TECHS/SCR35.html SCR35], [http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/NOTE-WCAG20-TECHS-20081211/F58 F58], [http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/NOTE-WCAG20-TECHS-20081211/F61 F61]).

==See also==
* [[Wikipedia:Using JAWS]]
* [[m:Help:Keyboard shortcuts]]
** [[mw:Manual:Interface/Access keys]]
* [[mw:VisualEditor/Portal/Keyboard shortcuts]]
* [[Wikipedia:List of shortcuts]]
* [[Table of keyboard shortcuts]]
* [[User talk:GregU/hotkeys.js|Hotkeys]] – typing shortcuts in text fields
* [http://www.mozilla.org/support/firefox/keyboard Firefox Help: Keyboard Shortcuts]
* [http://support.microsoft.com/kb/126449 Keyboard shortcuts for Windows]